India’s geographic location, along with its primary east-west shipping corridors united with expanding ports and refining capacity, has strengthened its role as a regional bunkering hub. Ship operators are constantly evaluating bunkering in India for cost efficiency, compliance and logistical convenience. This technical briefing summarises the operational characteristics of the principal Indian bunker ports and the capabilities of marine fuel suppliers in India.
Context
Bunkering will always be a critical component of voyage planning. For operators, port choice balances fuel price, the availability of IMO-compliant grades (VLSFO, MGO), fuel quality assurance (ISO 8217 compliance), and port operational metrics, such as STS risk management, turnaround time, and barge delivery capability. India’s strategic geographical location, leading to proximity to Suez- Singapore transits, and alternatively the southern round Africa routing, enhances its value, especially when global events cause route diversions.
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Major Bunker Ports in India
Mumbai (Mumbai Port Area/ Jawaharlal Nehru)
The principal West Coast hub provides deep-draft access and direct connectivity to nearby refineries through pipelines and tank farms. The port offers a broad range of fuel grades and multiple licensed suppliers, favoured for minimal deviation from major east-west routings and strong berth availability.
Kandla (Deendayal) Port
The port is a major western Indian hub that handles high volumes of cargo and bunkering operations, supported by large storage fuel tanks and handling facilities. The port is suitable for larger vessels due to its capacity for bulk fuel deliveries and its proximity to Gujarat’s refining and storage facilities.
Chennai
The primary eastern coast supports vessels bunkering in the Bay of Bengal, transiting from Southeast Asian routes, with certified barge delivery and strong hinterland connectivity serving liners and tramp operators.
Cochin
The southern bunkering port offers low berth congestion with modern barge operations, making it efficient for trans-shipment lanes for vessels calling at southern Indian and Sri Lankan ports.
Other emerging ports like Tuticorin, Paradip, Visakhapatnam (Vizag) are continually progressing bunker capabilities through investments in certified barge fleets, storage and berth-side services, broadening India’s geographical coverage for refuelling operations.
Role of marine fuel suppliers in India
The operational reliability in the bunker sector of India depends on licensed marine fuel suppliers in India.
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State refineries and integrated oil companies such as Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), Bharat Petroleum (BPCL), Hindustan Petroleum (HPCL), MRPL (Mangalore Refinery), and private bunkering divisions like Adani Bunkering are major market participants. (1)
Key Takeaways for Vessel Operators
Voyage Planning: According to trends studied in 2024 show that the West Coast Indian ports are cost-effective options for Suez to Asia transits when vessels use alternate routes. (2)
Quality Assurance QA): To avoid contamination and disputes, ensure a Bunker Delivery Note (BDN) is issued before fuelling. Take independent samples and verify the fuel quality through third-party lab certificates.
Supplier contracting: Maintain flexibility by possessing agreements with multiple approved suppliers, and assessing each supplier’s compliance/ safety records and financial strength. (3)
India’s bunkering sector is anchored by Mumbai, Chennai, Kandla (Deendayal), Cochin, and some other emerging ports, such as Vizag and Paradip, which are evolving into a reliable regional alternative for marine refuelling. Studies conducted in 2024 prove a significant rise in bunkering activity, and aggregate demand (2.25 million mt) is driven by global routing shifts and regional competitiveness. (4)